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The Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation (, lit. ''Manchzhurskaya Strategicheskaya Nastupatelnaya Operaciya'') began on 9 August 1945, with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo and was the last campaign of the Second World War and the largest of the 1945 Soviet–Japanese War which resumed hostilities between the Soviet Union and the Empire of Japan after almost six years of peace. Soviet gains on the continent were Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia) and northern Korea. The Soviet entry into the war and the defeat of the Kwantung Army was a significant factor in the Japanese government's decision to surrender unconditionally, as it made apparent the USSR would no longer be willing to act as a third party in negotiating an end to hostilities on conditional terms.〔〔〔〔〔Robert Butow, ''Japan's Decision to Surrender'', Stanford University Press, 1954 ISBN 978-0-8047-0460-1.〕〔Richard B. Frank, ''Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire'', Penguin, 2001 ISBN 978-0-14-100146-3.〕〔Robert James Maddox, ''Hiroshima in History: The Myths of Revisionism'', University of Missouri Press, 2007 ISBN 978-0-8262-1732-5.〕〔( Tsuyoshi Hasegawa ), ''Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan'', Belknap Press, 2006 ISBN 0-674-01693-9.〕 Since 1983, the operation has sometimes been called Operation August Storm (mainly in the United States), after U.S. Army historian David Glantz used this title for a paper on the subject.〔 ==Summary== As agreed with the Allies at the Tehran Conference in November 1943 and the Yalta Conference in February 1945, the Soviet Union entered World War II's Pacific Theater within three months of the end of the war in Europe. The invasion began on 9 August 1945, exactly three months after the German surrender on May 8 (9 May, 0:43 Moscow time). Although the commencement of the invasion fell between the atomic bombings of Hiroshima, on 6 August, and Nagasaki, on 9 August, the timing of the invasion had been planned well in advance and was determined by the timing of the agreements at Tehran and Yalta, the long term buildup of Soviet forces in the Far East since Tehran, and the date of the German surrender some three months earlier; on August 3, Marshal Vasilevsky reported to Premier Joseph Stalin that, if necessary, he could attack on the morning of 5 August. At 11pm Trans-Baikal (UTC+10) time on 8 August 1945, Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov informed Japanese ambassador Naotake Satō that the Soviet Union had declared war on the Empire of Japan, and that from August 9 the Soviet government would consider itself to be at war with Japan.〔("Soviet Declaration of War on Japan" ), 8 August 1945. (Avalon Project at Yale University)〕 At one minute past midnight Trans-Baikal time on 9 August 1945, the Soviets commenced their invasion simultaneously on three fronts to the east, west and north of Manchuria: *the Khingan–Mukden Offensive Operation (9 August 1945 – 2 September 1945); *the Harbin–Kirin Offensive Operation (9 August 1945 – 2 September 1945); and *the Sungari Offensive Operation (9 August 1945 – 2 September 1945). Though the battle extended beyond the borders traditionally known as ''Manchuria''—that is, the traditional lands of the Manchus—the coordinated and integrated invasions of Japan's northern territories has also been called ''the Battle of Manchuria''.〔Maurer, Herrymon, ''Collision of East and West'', Henry Regnery, Chicago, 1951, p. 238.〕 It has also been referred to as the ''Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Soviet invasion of Manchuria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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